RESUMEN
Introduction and aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of topical lidocaine application for nasopharyngeal sampling, on pain perception, the comfort of the patients, and the application difficulty for healthcare staff. Material and methods. This study conducted with 100 healthy volunteers (50 participants in Lidocaine group and 50 participants in Placebo group). Two ml of a solution containing 10 mg/ml of lidocaine was applied to each nostril of the participants in the Lidocaine group, and the same dose of 0.9% NaCl to the Placebo group. We compared the changes in pain intensity and discomfort intensity using two numerical rating scales, the frequency of undesirable reactions, and the judgment of the practitioner staff. Results. There were statistically significant decreases in pain and discomfort scores in the Lidocaine group. Similarly, there were statistically significant decreases in the frequency of all undesirable reactions except "grimace”, in the second sampling in the Lidocaine group, however, there was a statistically significant decrease only in "holding staff's hand” in second sampling in the Placebo group. Conclusion. Intranasal lidocaine application reduces the pain that occurs during nasopharyngeal sampling and makes the procedure easier for the patient and the healthcare worker. © 2022 Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow. All Rights Reserved.
RESUMEN
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been responsible for over three million reported cases worldwide. The construction of an appropriate mathematical (epidemiological) model for this disease is a challenging task. In this paper, we first consider susceptible - infectious - recovered (SIR) model with constant parameters and obtain an approximate solution for the SIR model with varying coefficient as it is one of the simplest models and many models are derived from this framework. The numerical experiments confirm that the proposed formulation demonstrates similar characteristic behaviour with the well-known approximations.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to examine the story, clinical findings, initial computed tomography (CT) findings and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results and evaluate the consistency of this data. METHODS: This is a multi-center retrospective study and out of patients aged 18 and over who were evaluated for COVID-19 in the emergency department between 01.04.2020 and 01.05.2020. Data regarding the patients such as age, gender, comorbidity, COVID-19 contact, symptoms, vital findings, laboratory parameters, CT findings, hospitalization status and case fatality rate (CFR) were examined. RESULTS: 62.4% of 687 patients were male, the mean age was 49.7.49.9% of patients had at least one comorbidity. The most common symptoms were fever (61.6%), cough (56.5%), dyspnea (33.2%). 33.9% of patients had RT-PCR positivity, 69.9% had CT positivity, and 72.5% had both RT-PCR and CT positivity. Sensitivity of CT was 72.5, its specificity was 31.5% and its accuracy was 45.5%. Most common CT pattern was pure GGO (47.9%). CFR was 6% and it was significantly higher in both RT-PCR and CT positive patients (p=0.01). According to logistic regression analysis, male gender (p=0.037;OR: 0.385;95% CI, 0.157-0.943), higher age (p=0.000;OR: 1.068;95% CI, 1.031-1.106) and comorbidity presence (p=0.008;OR: 5.374;95% CI, 1.539-7.618) were found to be associated with mortality. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that using RT-PCR and CT together and supporting them with clinical data was the strongest approach in the diagnosis of COVID-19 cases.
RESUMEN
In this study, it was aimed to determine the course of COVID-19 infection in Libya with a new modified mathematical modeling and to show the possible number of cases and deaths in the upcoming period. We performed detailed analyzes with the help of the analytical solution of the time-dependent logistics model that we obtained. The results obtained separately on a total and daily basis were shown graphically. In the last part, it is emphasized how important individual and public precautions in order to decrease the spread rate of the disease and to be better controlled.
RESUMEN
The novel 2019 coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), emerged towards the end of 2019 in the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in the People’s Republic of China, and it has spread to the entire world very fast and in a very short time. This study aimed to investigate the course of the pandemic by mathematical modelling based on the information that the time-dependent change (spreading) rate of the H number of individuals who have caught a contagious disease is proportional to the multiplication of the numbers of those who have caught the disease and those who have not. According to the results of the mathematical modelling in our study, in the case that sufficient precautions are not taken, or precautions are reduced, the course of the pandemic may show a very fast change in the negative direction. For this reason, every precaution, individual or social, will be significant in terms of the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.